Gzhelian

Smaller than a Microraptor!

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System (period)		Series	Stage (age)	Lower boundary, Ma
Permian		Cisuralian	Asselian	298.9±0.15
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Upper	Gzhelian	303.7±0.1
			Kasimovian	307.0±0.1
		Middle	Moscovian	315.2±0.2
		Lower	Bashkirian	323.2±0.4
	Mississippian	Upper	Serpukhovian	330.9±0.2
		Middle	Visean	346.7±0.4
		Lower	Tournaisian	358.9±0.4
Devonian		Upper	Famennian	older
Subdivisions and "golden spikes" according to IUGS as of September 2023

The Gzhelian is the youngest stage of the Pennsylvanian part of the Carboniferous. It lasted from 303.7 to 298.9 million years ago. it is proceeded by the Kasimovian and is followed by the Asselian, which is the oldest part of the Permian.

It is more or less coeval with the Stephanian stage.

Naming

It is named after the city of Gzhel in Russia. Which is not far from Moscow. Its name was improved in 1890 by Sergei Nikitin.

Biodiversity

The base of the Gzhelian is supported by the appearance of the Fusulinid genera Daixina, Jigulites, and Rugosofusulina. It is also supported by the appearance of the conodont Streptognathodus zethus. The top of the stage is evidenced by the appearance of the conodont S. isolatus. It is part of the Streptognathus "wabaunsensis" chronocline. Which is evidenced by it being older than the Fusulinida species Sphaeroschwagerina vulgaris aktjubensis.

So far, there is no known Golden Spike for the Gzhelian unlike other periods. However, there is a candidate along the Ussolka river, which is near the edge of Krasnoussolsky. South of Ufa and northeast of Sterlitamak.