Silurian

1) At the end of the Furongian (late Cambrian) and beginning of the Ordovician, the temperature of surface waters in the equatorial zone reached 43.9°C (111.02°F), which is significantly higher than today. By the end of the Ordovician, as a result of global cooling and the onset of glaciation, these temperatures dropped to 24.2°C (75.56°F), which is lower than today.

2) Both the shortest (Induan) and longest (Norian) non-Quaternary ages are included in the Triassic period. Induan was almost four times shorter than the Quaternary period, while Norian lasted almost as long as the Neogene period.

3) There are indications that fires occurred as early as the Silurian due to the spread of terrestrial plants.

4) The Karoo Ice Age ended about 260 million years ago. The next, Late Cenozoic glaciation, began ~34 million years ago with the freezing of Antarctica. During the ~226 million years separating them, the Earth maintained a greenhouse climate. Pterosaurs and non-avian dinosaurs appeared and went extinct during this interval.

5) Scorpions became the first fully terrestrial apex predators and remained so until the Carboniferous period.

6) Latimeria is a living coelacanthiform fish. The youngest fossilized coelacanthiforms were found in Maastrichtian sediments, indicating a gap in fossil record of 66 million years.

7) The last geomagnetic reversal occurred before Homo sapiens evolved.

8) Formed as a result of powerful eruptions in central Pangea about 201.4 million years ago, the Central Atlantic magmatic province originally occupied an area larger than modern Australia.

9) People began using glue and brewing beer before the Holocene epoch.

10) We still don't know when the first insects appeared. One molecular analysis suggests they may have appeared in the Early Ordovician or even Cambrian. A gap of about 100 million years is in the history of insects in that case.

And here is Rutiodon, a phytosaur from the Norian age.

...or the biggest error found on PBDB.

The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) is kinda nice source. One of the indispensable for paleontology, I think. However, sometimes I find errors there. Very strange errors, and this is likely the strangest of them. If you try to look there for info about reptiliomorphs, you will be surprised to know that they appeared... in the Ludlow epoch of the Silurian. If you click on the collection number (74805), then, at the bottom of the taxa list, you'll see this: "Reptilia. Squamata -"Keilorites (Trachyderma) sp." = Heloderma". A genus including the modern Gila monster. Just imagine how a lizard, which existed long before Hylonomus and even Eusthenopteron, swims in the seas (it lived in "deep subtidal shelf" zone, according to the same page) along with trilobites and eurypterids. A guest from the anomaly, like in Primeval? A short search for info about the Slurian lizard will lead you to the kingdom of acritarchs, the unicellular organisms, probably related to algae. One of them, from the Silurian, was named Cymatiosphaera heloderma. Yep, the species name is similar to the generic name of the lizard, but I don’t understand how it was possible to specify a lizard instead of an acritarch. Another problem is that Keilorites (a.k.a. Trachyderma) is probably not an acritarch but the mucous tube of an annelid worm, accordind to the article "Two species of Keilorites from the Silurian of Gotland". However, it was published in 1980 and this genus has since been possibly identified as an acritarch... Anyway, the case of the Heloderma is the most unexpected error I have ever found on a specialized paleontology site. Another error that also really surprised me was on the Fossilworks website, where Cephalaspis was identified as a snail. Are you still surprised that there are errors in printed encyclopedias?

We entered the silurian period about 433.8-419.2 mya but fasted forward to the uppermost epoch of the silurian: the prídolí epoch.

Here in what's now the UK, a group of cephalaspis are swimming away from brontoscorpios. these giant scorpions are one of the largest known scorpions from 33 cm

To a meter (3.3 feet) or more...

The jaw evolved from repeating pharyngeal segements first present in chordate ancestors as respiratory structures.later giving rise to cartilaginous branchial baskets of jawless fish and the bones and cartilages of the facial,upper & lower jaw,jaw support and posterior gill or throat structures.

This is entelognathus primordialis, 20 cm long .one of the earliest jawed vertabrates.the silurian period saw the first jawed animals to ever lived.it's fossils are found in what's now: quijing,yunnan,china

It's name means: complete jaw

The creature is likely a carnivore feeding on smaller fish to survive. he's seen peacefully swimming in the silurian ocean alongside small fishes and cephalopods

Some 3 different trilobite species called aulacopleura, burmastus, odontopleura are crawling on the sea floor

And again...the trilobites survived extinction.

When a fish swims above them...

Fanjingshania revonata was the oldest acanthodian of the silurian that lived in the lower silurian 439 mya, the creature was named after famous UNESCO world heritage site fangjingshan. it's really a bizzare species about two-and-a-half feet long the oldest jawed ancestor

Qianosus duplicis is also a jawed vertabrate based on disarriculated teeth of the lower silurian.

In other parts of south china.

This predator is ready to ambush it's prey...

But it's not qianodus duplicis or other basal jawed fish.

Psarolepis romeri is another basal bony jawed fish from the uppermost silurian period to the very start of the devonian period which lived around 419-410 mya

The creature chases it's prey. it will dispatch the small vertabrate. psarolepis bites it in the side & killed it anyway...

Back at the UK

We saw an anglaspis heintzi.

It lived from the late silurian to the early devonian era. with other cyanthasidiforms individuals.

A pterygotus was watching her from a distance

Pterygotus are the largest eurypterid but that title now goes to jaekelopterus who reached a length about 2.5 meters and pterygotus was only 1.75 meters in length.

She's burried in the sand waiting for something to attack on...

The anglaspis dosen't know what's comming but what protected her is her body armour. theres little known about analaspis since it's not really a well-known species.

While The silurian is the shortest period of the paleozoic but it also saw the start of terrestrial arthropods, meaning tetrapods came on land

Later...

@Nizaluddin

This is the first half of the timeline pages, so decide: is it accurate, outdated, or just dead wrong according to modern science?

At the end of the Ordovician, the first mass extinction known as the Late Ordovician mass extinction occurred killing off 85% of all species most likely because of the globe cooling down, but life still lived on and the survivors made up the Silurian period, what's your favorite creature? Mine is definitely the Brontoscorpio