While I may be drawing too much Cenozoic Beasts, meet the Phorusrhacos also called a terror bird which I have drawn in my style. It is also depicted with wing hooks.
While I may be drawing too much Cenozoic Beasts, meet the Phorusrhacos also called a terror bird which I have drawn in my style. It is also depicted with wing hooks.
Nobody brought this fluffy fella up, so I'll.
A week or so ago, Michael S Engel and Uwe Kaulfuss described a Miocene bee fossil from New Zealand - the first in fact known from the country. This new bee is Leioproctus (Otagocolletes) barrydonovani, the new subgenus and soecies meaning "Barry Donavan's Otago gluer" - Barry Donavan was an authority on New Zealand bees.
[The holotype of L. barrydonovani]
This is a colletid bee (Colletidae, Hymenoptera). It was discovered at the Hindon Maar Lagerstätte of the Dunedin Volcanic Group in Southeast South Island, New Zealand. The holotype is either OU46558 or OU46559 (it is listed in ZooBank as the former, but the paper used the latter all but once) of the University of Otago, Dunedin.
The Lacustrine mudstone here is radiometrically and palynomorphically dated to about 14.6 MBC, during the Middle Miocene epoch.
[Location of holotype discovery]
Apparently, other groups of fossilized insects are commonly found at the formation. Paratettigarcta zealandica is a hairy cicada there.
Its Miocene habitat was likely around a maar lake within forests of Nothofagus (genus of southern beeches), podocarps, and mixed broadleaf. L. pango is a modern species known to pollinate Pseudopanax (small evergreen trees and shrubs from New Zealand). This fossil carried no pollen, so the host plant(s) cannot be said for certain. Forty-six of the 48 fossilized flowered from the Lindon Maar are from Pseudopanax, though, making indet. species a likely candidate.
[A few Holocene Pseudopanax ferox individuals]
L. barrydonovani was compared to the modern subgenera and species of Leioproctus, as well as Lasioglossum and Hylaeus. Its wing veins were distinct enough to warrant a new subgenus (Otagocolletes). L. (Nesocolletes) fulvescens has the most similar malar space (location between the lower eye and front of head) is most akin to the fossil among modern species, being 0.5× as long as wide.
Modern Leioproctus are usually 8 to 10 millimeters long. This species was 6.7 millimeters long. Their lifestyle is that of a solitary miner.
The known specimen of L. barrydonovani is female.
[Holocene L. fulvescens, photographed by Danilo Hegg]
The authors found it peculiar that this species was in the fauna of Middle Miocene New Zealand. If Leioproctus had arrived on the island prior to 14.6 MBC, they should have diversified to a greater extent in that time; but only 18 known endemic speices exist. (This didn't seem like too small a number to me, honestly, but I guess I don't have much experience with Zealandian hymenopterans).
Reasons could be:
The Leioproctus lineage did indeed diversify in the past, but was affected by unknown extinction.
The modern species in New Zealand are relatively unrelated to L. barrydonovani, representing younger reintroductions.
Some "complex biotic processes or interactions" prevented greater speciation.
Which explanation do you reckon is MORE LIKELY the case?
Well, that's about it.
Article - Sci News: https://www.sci.news/paleontology/leioproctus-barrydonovani-13649.html
Paper - ZOOSYSTEMA: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/zoosystema/47/3
ZooBank Listing: https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/8037BA79-7FEA-4BEF-8197-F518CB454571
Kinyang on some tinted paper (I have it & wanted to try out more tinted paper stuff).
Just learned about this thing today. There's two species, K. mabokoensis (the one I chose) and K. tchernovi. They were giant relatives (9 - 13 feet) of today's West African dwarf crocodile (5.9 feet max.), living in Kenya and may have hunted early human ancestors. They lived in the Miocene and may have been more terrestrial than aquatic, like the dwarf croc.
Also got a new fossil, been saving up for it for about three weeks. 7.5 inches in length. The little plastic fella didn't come with it, I've had that guy since 2017/18.
Might try to get another fossil or a BOTM figure soon, or I'll see what I get for Christmas first
19 Votes in Poll
I am currently on vacation on the other side of the world and went to Yehliu Geopark today. I saw fossils that are not in the museum for the first time in my life, namely sea urchin fossils.
The strange thing about these fossils was that they were just scattered across the ground at a popular viewing site. You could literally step on them without noticing. It seems that the urchins date back to the Late Oligocene or Miocene epochs. The environment that they were deposited in would probably have looked rather much the same as it does today. Pics of the coastal scenery below.
Maybe one day I will get to see a fossil of a vertebrate that is not in a museum. Then perhaps I will be more satisfied.
19 Votes in Poll
38 Votes in Poll
"we entered onto our universe, in the devonian period about 375 million years ago where we saw a tiktaalik reaching to land then go 365 mya where we saw a hynerpeton, we then skipped to the carboniferous period, 312 where we saw the first reptile which is hylonomus and the first ever synapsid called archaeothyris, then to the cisuralian part of the permian about 280 million years ago where a dimetrodon is basking in the sun, skipped to the lopingian epoch of the permian period, 251.9 mya into the great dying where the last individual of the inostrancevia alexabdri species literally died (yep, thats ino's real counterpart, don't get confused.) fast forward into the jurassic period, the golden age of the dinosaurs and also the time period where the first mammals ever appeared, a young morganucodon was chased by a large predator, fast forward to 66 million years to the end of the cretaceous. the K-T extinction happend, hitting mexico causing sudden shaking and smoke comming out blocking sunlight so plants can't even perform photosynthesis. a few months later, a few mammals, birds and other animals survived and thrived again which is the same for few surviving plants, fast forward to the miocene (ok yes, this is an epoch but i always see cenozoic epochs as....time periods yeah yeah, time periods, moving on) and ok theres a quinkana encountered a obdurodon(yeah, heard of durodon? but obdurodon is not a cetacean, it's literally a monotreme! a giant platypus to be exact) and we finally entered onto the holocene, the eopch that still continuing today, a group of crocodile are attacking a migrating herd of zebras and yeah... idk anymore and we finally entered onto the paleo isles universe, let's see what's ino doing now"
Inostrancevia:i'm getting tired of swimming i need to rest- wait.... this must be the place...*reaches ashore*
"inostrancevia then wondered again if this is really the most "peaceful" place on this planet. it's full of ice & snow with a bunch of dead trees and a few discovered footsteps that could be from a large theropod, a few bone fragments and the feeling of deep loneliness giving extreme anxiety..."
Inostrancevia:this place is freezing cold, how will creatures survive here......???
"suddenly, a tarbosaurus came"
Tarbosaurus: *growls* i just wanna sleep and h- what the heck.....???? is that a synapsid? who are you anyways?
Inostrancevia:i'm ino and i would like to use this a refuge from the "stuff" yeah, the "stuff"
Tarbosaurus:what stuff are you talking about?
Inostrancevia:you'll will not expect this "stuff" going on, you'll be suprised...
"and yep, there are some creatures who don't even know about the archosaur vs synapsid chaos, tarbosaurus is one example and that js good! because if they know, more chaos will happen..."
To Be Continued...
Note: this is far from finished
30 Votes in Poll
Gryposuchus
Length: 33.3 feet
Weight:3,847 pounds
When Alive: Miocene epoch
Place Of Living When Alive: Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and the Peruvian Amazon
The bones
Phorusrhacos
Height: 7.9 feet
Length: 26 inches
Weight: 290 pounds
Place of living when alive: South America