Late Cretaceous

https://scitechdaily.com/these-giant-long-necked-dinosaurs-could-stand-upright-and-scientists-finally-figured-out-why/

https://abdullahfarhan.com/these-giant-long-necked-dinosaurs-could-stand-upright-and-scientists-finally-figured-out-why/

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1103088

scitechdaily.com

Two Neuquensaurus stand on their hind legs to reach the top of a tree. Computational analyses indicate that the species could easily remain in this position 66 million years ago. Credit: Guilherme Gehr

Sixty-six million years ago, two types of long-necked, four-legged dinosaurs had an edge over other sauropods because they could readily rise up and remain standing on their hind legs for long stretches of time. This ability likely helped them deter predators and reach leaves growing high in trees, among other advantages.

The Brazilian Uberabatitan and the Argentine Neuquensaurus were roughly comparable in size to a modern elephant. While they were relatively small members of the sauropod group, adult Uberabatitans are estimated to have grown as long as 26 - 27 meters, making them the largest dinosaurs known from Brazil !

Because of their enormous size, these animals were probably only able to stay upright for extended periods when they were still young. This finding comes from a study supported by FAPESP and published in the journal Palaeontology. The research team included scientists from Brazil, Germany, and Argentina.

https://www.iflscience.com/t-rex-was-still-growing-at-40-taking-a-slower-path-to-adulthood-than-previously-thought-82211

https://www.science.org/content/article/slow-grower-tyrannosaurus-rex-didn-t-reach-full-size-until-age-40#:~:text=A

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1112347

T. rex took 40 years to become fully grownNew Scientist

https://www.science.org/content/article/slow-grower-tyrannosaurus-rex-didn-t-reach-full-size-until-age-40

A new study of growth patterns in the bones of Tyrannosaurus rex has contradicted previous reports that it stopped growing in its mid-20s. The work also adds to recent evidence indicating that specimens previously thought to be juvenile T. rex were a different species.

Dr Holly Woodward Ballard, a professor of anatomy at Oklahoma State University, and co-authors have tested this data using a combination of additional specimens, new techniques for reading the growth rings and statistical approaches not previously applied to this field. They conclude that it was only at about 40 that T. rex growth stopped, although it was slow for quite a while beforehand....

Domed skulled - Head butting Trooodons; Yes !

Thick-Skulled Troodontid Dinosaur Unearthed in Mexico | Sci.NewsSci.News: Breaking Science News

XenovenatorTotal Dino

Papper : https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/18/1/38

A team of paleontologists from Mexico and the United States has identified a new species of bird-like dinosaur with an unusually thick and domed skull, suggesting it may have used head-butting during combat with members of its own species.

The newly-described dinosaur species lived around 73 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous epoch. Named : Xenovenator espinosai , it belonged to the Troodontidae, a group of agile theropod dinosaurs closely related to birds.

The holotype and paratype specimens were discovered during surface collecting in the Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Coahuila, northern Mexico, in the 2000s. Troodontids are known for their relatively large brains and keen senses, but the new species stands out for its remarkably thickened skull roof. The holotype specimen preserves much of the braincase, including the frontals and parietals, which are strongly domed and can reach up to 1.2 cm in thickness.

CT scans show that the skull bones are densely constructed, with tightly interlocking sutures and a rugose, striated outer surface. This architecture closely resembles the reinforced skulls of dome-headed pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs, despite the two groups being only distantly related. According to the paleontologists, such features are consistent with adaptations for intraspecific combat, particularly head-butting behavior.

While display structures and weapons are common among many dinosaur groups, adaptations specifically linked to combat have not previously been documented in non-avian maniraptoran theropods. The paratype specimens of Xenovenator espinosai show less pronounced skull thickening and doming.

We have a real Sea Serpent - that literally lived before; through the Asteroid and thrived thereafter ...and everyone forgotten about it ( ! )

Scientists Unearth Giant Sea Snake That Hunted Sharks 56 Million Years AgoIndian Defence Review

IFLScience - This 56-million-year-old marine reptile was likely a top predator. | Facebookwww.facebook.com

Meet Palaeophis Colossaeus, the Largest Sea Snake of All TimeHowStuffWorks

• https://www.iflscience.com/the-worlds-largest-ever-sea-snake-was-over-12-meters-long-and-might-have-eaten-sharks-82187

• https://a-z-animals.com/blog/meet-the-massive-sea-snake-that-feasted-on-whales-seriously/

A 400-million-year-old plant creates water so weird it looks alienScienceDaily

A 400-million-year-old plant creates water so weird it looks Alien

Researchers discovered that living horsetails act like natural distillation towers : producing bizarre oxygen isotope signatures more extreme than anything previously recorded on Earth—sometimes resembling meteorite water.

By tracing these isotopic shifts from the plant base to its tip, scientists unlocked a new way to decode ancient humidity and climate, using both modern plants and fossilized phytoliths that preserve isotopic clues for millions of years.

More than 16,000 dinosaur tracks discovered at a site in Boliviaphys.org

16,000 dinosaur footprints discovered in Bolivia. It's the largest collection ever found | Discover WildlifeDiscover Wildlife

More than 16,000 tracks found at a ‘dinosaur freeway’ in Bolivia | CNNCNN

The world's largest dinosaur footprint site is located in the Bolivian desert and contains more than 16,000 footprints of these incredible animalsECOticias.com

Instagram

[] '''' | Scientists have discovered the single largest dinosaur track site in the world in Carreras Pampa, Torotoro National Park, Bolivia. The tracks were made about 70 million years ago, in the late Cretaceous Period, by theropods—bipedal three-toed dinosaurs—with bird tracks also present in this ancient beach scene...

More than 16,600 footprints and swim traces cover the ancient trackway surface, all heading in the same direction. Swim traces form when floating or swimming animals briefly touch the bottom, often with just their toes making contact. The researchers suggest the traces were made parallel to an ancient shoreline, which preserves beautiful ripple marks.

Modern studies of animals at African water holes and lake margins suggest that herbivores tend to move perpendicular to a shore, moving quickly across the open areas close to a lake. In contrast, carnivores tend to travel parallel to the shore, since this gives them the best chance of intersecting prey... | '''' []

https://scitechdaily.com/bones-almost-on-top-of-each-other-extraordinary-dinosaur-fossil-site-discovered-in-the-hateg-basin/

scitechdaily.com

''' Bones Almost on Top of Each Other '''

Extraordinary Dinosaur Fossil Site Discovered in the Hațeg Basin

[] Researchers at the newly discovered site reported finding more than one hundred vertebrate fossils per square meter, making it one of the densest fossil deposits known. The Hațeg Basin in Transylvania has long attracted global attention for its dinosaur fossils, which have been recovered from dozens of locations over the last hundred years.

Even so, individual dinosaur remains are usually scarce at any single site. That pattern makes the newly identified locality highly unusual, as researchers documented more than one hundred vertebrate fossils packed into each square meter, with large dinosaur bones lying almost on top of each other.... []

Mosasaurs may have terrorized rivers as well as oceansPopular Science

The Late Cretaceous apex predator easily grew to the size of a great white shark. Mosasaurs mostly stuck to ocean habitats, but evidence now suggests they sometime ventured elsewhere...

A tooth recently found in the famous Hell Creek formation in Montana suggests otherwise.

According to findings published on December 11 in the journal BMC Zoology, at least one mosasaur species may have pursued their meals upstream into freshwater rivers...

Hell Creek includes some of the world’s most diverse troves of Upper Cretaceous and lower Paleocene fossils. In addition to land dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurs and Triceratops, the region was also home to aquatic species like mosasaurs.

While nowhere near an ocean today, the area included rivers connecting into a long-gone body of water called the Western Interior Seaway around 66 million years ago....

Fossil Site in Bolivia Records Thousands of Cretaceous Dinosaur Tracks, Tail Traces, and Swim Tracks | Sci.NewsSci.News: Breaking Science News

[ ''' The Carreras Pampa site in : The Torotoro National Park | Bolivia | South America. There are Records of 1,321 trackways and 289 solitary tracks.

Totaling 16,600 theropod dinosaur tracks; 280 swim trackways, totaling 1,378 swim tracks; and several trackways with tail traces.... ''' ]

[ ''' In a new study, Geoscience Research Institute paleontologist Raúl Esperante and his colleagues documented an unprecedented variety of dinosaur tracks at the Carreras Pampas tracksite in Torotoro National Park. Across nine study localities, they found 16,600 tracks left by three-toed theropod dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period. These tracks range in size from tiny (less than 10 cm) to large (over 30 cm) and record a variety of dinosaur behaviors, including running, swimming, tail dragging, and even sharp turns.

''' Most (80%) of the trackmakers had a hip height between 65 cm and 1.15 m, with a greater percentage in the 75 cm – 1.05 m range ''' ~ The paleontologists said.

'''' Notably, very few trackmakers exceeded a height of 1.25 meters. ''''

Most of these tracks are oriented roughly northwest-southeast, with ripple marks preserved in the sediment, suggesting these dinosaurs were roaming alongside The Ancient Shoreline.

''' The Carreras Pampas tracksite sets new world records for the number of individual dinosaur footprints, continuous trackways, tail traces and swimming traces ''' ~ The Researchers said.

“This unprecedented abundance suggests this was a high-traffic area, and the parallel orientation of some footprints might indicate groups of dinosaurs traveling together.”

cdn.sci.news

• Dinosaur footprints at the Carreras Pampa tracksite in the Torotoro National Park, Bolivia. Image credit: Esperante et al., doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0335973.

18,000 dinosaur tracks discovered along ancient Bolivian coastline — and they set a new recordLive Science

More than 16,000 tracks found at a ‘dinosaur freeway’ in Bolivia | CNNCNN

Tens of thousands of dinosaur footprints and swim tracks found in South AmericaABC News

scitechdaily.com

Oldest known Modern Shark as a Mega Predator

A gigantic 8 m long mega-predatory shark stalks an unwary long-necked plesiosaur in the seas off Australia 115 million years ago.

Credit: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History

Scientists have uncovered evidence of a colossal shark that lived off northern Australia about 115 million years ago, revealing that modern shark lineages grew to immense sizes far earlier than expected.

Rare vertebrae from rocks once part of the ancient Tethys ocean show that this early lamniform predator shared the seas with giant marine reptiles during the Age of Dinosaurs.

• https://scitechdaily.com/giant-ancient-shark-discovered-in-australia-stuns-scientists/

Mega-shark remains found on beach in Australia. Experts say it was absolutely massive | Discover WildlifeDiscover Wildlife

Giant 115-Million-Year-Old Shark Fossil Found in Australia Rewrites Evolution TimelineDiscover Magazine

Ancient discovery 'rewrites the timeline' of AustraliaYahoo News

• https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/science/scientists-reveal-115-million-year-old-giant-shark-discovery-article-13691436.html

Vertebrae Reveal a Massive Early Cardabiodontid

Five vertebrae were recovered, each partially mineralized, which helped them survive through time. Their shape closely matches the vertebrae of modern Great White sharks.

However, while adult Great Whites typically have vertebrae about 8 cm wide, the vertebrae from the Darwin specimen measured more than 12 cm across.

Their distinctive features identify them as part of the cardabiodontid group, which consists of huge predatory sharks that lived around 100 million years ago. The Darwin shark is especially significant because it appears to be about 15 million years older than other known cardabiodontids and had already reached the large body size characteristic of the group...

Chucarosaurus diripienda: The dinosaur so massive it shattered roads and transformed how scientists study titanosaurs | - The Times of IndiaThe Times of India

A colossal titanosaur, Chucarosaurus diripienda, unearthed in Patagonia, measured 30 meters and weighed tens of tonnes. Its immense size even cracked a road during transport, highlighting its incredible bulk. This discovery offers new insights into how these giants evolved, moved, and survived, challenging previous notions of their agility and strength.

Named Chucarosaurus diripienda, this extraordinary dinosaur measured roughly 30 metres long and weighed tens of tonnes, making it one of the largest land animals ever discovered. Beyond its sheer size, the find is reshaping scientists’ understanding of how these long-necked giants evolved, moved, and survived in prehistoric ecosystems, offering fresh insights into their anatomy, growth patterns, and ancient environmental adaptations, while also revealing previously unknown skeletal features, muscle structures, and biomechanical traits that deepen our understanding of dinosaur physiology and evolutionary history.

https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/world/scientists-unearthed-a-dinosaur-so-heavy-and-so-big-it-cracked-the-road/

Researchers Solve the Dinosaur Egg Mystery Found in an Unexpected PlaceThe Daily Galaxy - Great Discoveries Channel

[ ''' Fifteen years ago, Mark Norell, a paleontologist at the American Museum of Natural History, discovered a clutch of dinosaur eggs in southern Mongolia.

What seemed unusual about the find was the presence of at least a dozen embryos of Protoceratops, a small herbivorous dinosaur related to the Triceratops.

These embryos appeared to be curled up inside invisible eggs, surrounded by an enigmatic white halo in the surrounding rock. Norell and his team were intrigued—something didn’t quite add up.

Now, more than a decade later, they have unveiled the surprising answer. Soft-Shelled Eggs Were Likely Common Among Dinosaurs !

( so that presumed mosssaur egg from Antartica could also be a dinosaur's too )

■ [ ::: { Scientists Just Cracked an 85 Million-Year-Old Dinosaur Egg Mystery ! } ::: ] ■

● ] https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-cracked-an-85-million-year-old-dinosaur-egg-mystery/

scitechdaily.com

^^^^^

Egg clutch sampled for chronological studies. Credit Dr. Bi Zhao

Researchers dated dinosaur eggs directly for the first time, placing them at 85 million years old. The findings link climate cooling to evolutionary pressures that may have doomed some species.

During the Cretaceous period, Earth experienced intense volcanic eruptions, widespread loss of oceanic oxygen, and several devastating mass extinctions. Fossils from this turbulent era still survive today, offering scientists valuable insights into the climate conditions that once shaped different regions of the planet...

'''' We show that these dinosaur eggs were deposited roughly 85 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period,” said corresponding author Dr. Bi Zhao, a researcher at the Hubei Institute of Geosciences.

We provide the first robust chronological constraints for these fossils, resolving long-standing uncertainties about their age... ''''

■ ] The majority are thought to belong to Placoolithus tumiaolingensis, a member of the Dendroolithidae family, which is distinguished by eggshells with unusually porous structures.

• Tl;dr :: Dinosaurs were doing very well; Actually Great ! So the theory about the dinosaurs started to ''' decline ''' throughout the Cretaceous period is technically Debunked. That Damn Asteroid slaughtered them ! Second Asteroid was just sealing their fate | Grim Reaper's signature...

• https://news.web.baylor.edu/news/story/2025/dinosaurs-new-mexico-thrived-until-very-end-study-shows

| Dinosaurs in New Mexico Thrived Until the Very End, Study Shows |

Study challenges long-held assumptions, finding late-surviving dinosaurs lived in vibrant, regionally distinct communities...

For decades, many scientists believed dinosaurs were already dwindling in numbers and variety long before an asteroid strike sealed their fate 66 million years ago. But new research in the journal Science from Baylor University, New Mexico State University, the Smithsonian Institution and an international team is rewriting that story. The dinosaurs, it turns out, were not fading away. They were flourishing.

Latest Cretaceous Dinosaurs Lived in Vibrant, Regionally Distinct Communities | Sci.NewsSci.News: Breaking Science News

| Latest Cretaceous Dinosaurs Lived in Vibrant, Regionally Distinct Communities |

The most iconic mass extinction in Earth history occurred around 66 million years ago, as rapid environmental destruction led to the extinction of around 75% of species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs, and subsequently restructured terrestrial ecosystems.

Debate centers on whether dinosaurs vanished abruptly while diverse and flourishing or were in long-term decline before the end-Cretaceous.

New evidence reveals dinosaurs were thriving right up to the moment the asteroid hitScience

New evidence reveals dinosaurs were thriving right up to the moment the asteroid hit Newly dated fossils from New Mexico challenge the idea that dinosaurs were in decline—and suggest instead they had formed flourishing communities !

Fossils reveal dinosaurs were thriving in North America just before being wiped out by asteroid strike, study shows@CBSNews

Fossils reveal dinosaurs were thriving in North America just before being wiped out by asteroid strike, study shows...

Scientists have long debated whether dinosaurs were in decline before an asteroid smacked the Earth 66 million years ago, causing mass extinction.

New research suggests dinosaur populations were still thriving in North America before the asteroid strike, but it's only one piece of the global picture, independent experts say.

"Dinosaurs were quite diverse and now we know there were quite distinct communities" roaming around before being abruptly wiped out, said Daniel Peppe, a study co-author and paleontologist at Baylor University.

• https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw3282

| Late-surviving New Mexican dinosaurs illuminate high end-Cretaceous diversity and provinciality |

Editor’s summary ::: Since researchers first began to understand that the mass nonavian dinosaur extinction occurring at the end of the Cretaceous was due to an asteroid, many have also debated whether these groups were already on the decline.

This debate has been ongoing for decades, in large part because there are few fossil sites dated to this precise time period outside of those in the northern plains of North America, which may only tell part of the story.

Flynn et al. now date a previously problematic site in New Mexico and model diversity and endemism around the asteroid impact. They found that non-avian dinosaurs were not in decline before this event, and it really was THE asteroid that did them in....

Fossils of Some of the Last Dinosaurs in North America Have a Story to Tell@nytimes

| Fossils of Some of the Last Dinosaurs in North America Have a Story to Tell |

Rare look at the last days of the dinosaurs shows they were thriving, scientists say | CNNCNN

| Rare look at the last days of the dinosaurs shows they were Thriving, scientists say |

An artist's impression of the last dinosaurs from southern North America features a long-necked Alamosaurus. Credit : Natalia Jagielska

A site in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico is providing a rare glimpse into the last days of the dinosaurs. Rocks and fossils at the Naashoibito Member site show an ecosystem that was filled with a diverse population of dinosaurs just before they disappeared from Earth.

Paleontologists have long debated if the dinosaurs suddenly went extinct when a 6.2-mile-wide (10-kilometer-wide) asteroid crashed into Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula 66 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous Period, or if they were in a gradual decline and living in weakened ecosystems ahead of the catastrophic event.

Answering that question requires finding fossils and dating the surrounding rock to come up with an accurate timeline of the site. But identifying fossils in an area accurately dated to just before the extinction event is rare...

Moment archaeologists reveal perfectly preserved 70m-year-old dinosaur eggThe US Sun

A group of scientists in Argentina have unearthed a dinosaur egg so perfectly preserved that it looks like it was laid yesterday. The ancient egg – thought to be more than 70 million years old – was discovered near General Roca in Patagonia and has left experts around the world stunned

The team from Argentina’s Museum of Natural Sciences made the astonishing find live on air during a broadcast on October 7.

“It was so well preserved that it looked recent,” one of the scientists said, still in disbelief.

The egg, smooth and oval, looks remarkably similar to that of a modern bird, but its markings reveal its prehistoric origins.

This was a scientific mission led by Argentina’s National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), supported by the Azara Foundation, National Geographic, and the government of Río Negro.

Although dinosaur eggs have been found before in Patagonia, one this intact – with its shell undamaged and possibly containing embryonic material – is a rare treasure.

Experts believe the egg may belong to the Bonapartenykus genus.

Dinosaur egg unearthed in perfect condition after 70M years— and it could hold genetic materialNew York Post

Dinosaur egg unearthed in perfect condition after 70M years— and it could hold genetic material

Argentine paleontologists found a real diamond in the rough after happening across a perfectly preserved 70 million-year-old dinosaur egg during an excavation.

“It was a complete and utter surprise,” Gonzalo Leonel Muñoz, a vertebrate paleontologist at the Bernardo Rivadavia Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences, told National Geographic of the “spectacular” find.

“It’s not uncommon to find dinosaur fossils, but the issue with eggs is that they are much less common.”

Scientists find a perfectly preserved 70 MILLION-year-old dinosaur eggMail Online

It looks like it could have been laid yesterday.

But believe it or not, this dinosaur egg, recently unearthed in Argentina, dates back 70 million years.

The ancient egg was discovered in Rio Negro in Patagonia and has left experts around the world stunned.

While it appears remarkably similar to an ostrich egg, it was likely laid by a member of the Bonapartenykus genus – a small, carnivorous therapod that prowled the region during the late Cretaceous period.

Although dinosaur eggs have been found in the area before, one this well preserved is rare.

It may even contain embryonic material, according to the archaeology team – who plan to carry out in–depth scans to find out.

Scientists in Argentina Discover Rare Dinosaur Egg Estimated to Be 70 Million Years OldTESAA

Egg Similar to Ostrich Eggs Belonging to "Bonapartenykus"

The egg shows a shape similar to that of modern ostrich eggs, and scientists believe it belongs to a small dinosaur of the genus Bonapartenykus, a type of carnivorous dinosaur that lived in the late Cretaceous period.

It is believed that this dinosaur was small in size, which supports the hypothesis that the egg may contain fossilized remains of an embryo...

Exceptional Preservation Raises Questions

This discovery is considered one of the rarest cases of dinosaur egg preservation, especially since carnivorous dinosaur eggs are very rare due to the fragility of their shells, which resemble those of modern bird eggs, making them susceptible to damage over millions of years.

Gonzalo Muñoz, a researcher at the Bernardo Rivadavia Museum of Natural Sciences in Argentina, said: "It was completely surprising. Finding dinosaur fossils is not rare, but finding an egg preserved in such a complete condition is extremely exceptional."

Plans for In-Depth Studies

The research team that discovered the egg intends to conduct advanced imaging examinations to confirm the presence of biological materials inside it. In an important step, the egg will be transferred to the Natural Science Museum in Argentina for detailed studies that may reveal more secrets about the evolution of dinosaurs and the mechanisms of their egg hatching.

• https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-15219313/perfectly-preserved-MILLION-dinosaur-egg-Argentina.html

Two New Specimens of Edmontosaurus annectens Preserve Fine Details of Scales and Hooves | Sci.NewsSci.News: Breaking Science News

Two New Specimens of Edmontosaurus annectens Preserve Fine Details of Scales and Hooves

Paleontologists have examined two exceptional specimens of the end-Cretaceous, duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens. Using an array of imaging techniques, they reconstructed the fleshy appearance of the species in life, from a tall crest over the neck and trunk to a spike row over its tail and hooves sheathing its toes; combined with fossilized footprints, the appearance of Edmontosaurus annectens is now at hand.

Exceptionally Preserved 'Dinosaur Mummies' Reveal First-Known Reptile HoovesScienceAlert

Exceptionally Preserved 'Dinosaur Mummies' Reveal First-Known Reptile Hooves !

About 66 million years ago, a herd of herbivorous dinosaurs succumbed to drought – tragically, just hours or days before heavy rains fell...

We know this because they left some of the most incredibly well-preserved dinosaur 'mummies' ever found, consisting of clay molds of features such as skin, spikes, and the first known examples of hooves in a reptile.

Dinosaur 'mummies' unlock secrets of their real-life appearancephys.org

Dinosaur 'mummies' unlock secrets of their real-life appearance

Mummy of the juvenile duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens with fossil preparator Tyler Keillor of the University of Chicago.

The dinosaur mummy nicknamed "Ed Jr.," was covered by floodwaters some 66 million years ago, preserving its fossilized skeleton, and in a thin clay layer, large areas of scaly, wrinkled skin and a tall fleshy crest over its back. Credit: University of Chicago Fossil Lab

In a new paper in Science, experts from the University of Chicago describe steps that took place some 66 million years ago to transform the carcasses of a duck-billed dinosaur, Edmontosaurus annectens, into dinosaur "mummies" preserving fine details of scales and hooves.

Here's how dinosaur ‘mummies’ are helping scientists solve fossil mysteriesScience

[ ■ ]

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw3536

Two “mummies” of the end-Cretaceous, duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens preserve a fleshy crest over the neck and trunk, an interdigitating spike row over the hips and tail, and hooves capping the toes of the hind feet. A battery of tests shows that all the fossilized integument (skin, spike, hoof) are preserved as a thin clay template that formed on the surface of a buried carcass during decay prior to loss of all soft tissues and organic compounds.

Unlike the underlying permineralized skeletal bone, the integument renderings of these “dinosaur mummies” are preserved as a thin external clay mask, a templating process documented previously only in anoxic marine settings.

''' Paleontologists have described a new genus and species of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from five fossil specimens found in the Late Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, the United States. '''

cdn.sci.news

''' The new dinosaur species lived in North America during the Late Cretaceous epoch, some 75 million years ago. Dubbed Brontotholus harmoni, the ancient herbivore was approximately 3 m (10 feet) long.

It belongs to Pachycephalosauridae, a family of bipedal, dome-headed dinosaurs within the ornithischian clade Pachycephalosauria.

“The dome-headed ornithischian clade Pachycephalosauria possesses a distinctive suite of morphological features,”

New Species of Dome-Headed Dinosaur Identified in Montana | Sci.NewsSci.News: Breaking Science News

New Dome-Headed Dinosaur Species Discovered in Montana: A 75 Million-Year-Old RelicIndian Defence Review

| ◊ | The Photos of the 70-million-year-old embryonic oviraptorid fossil

Unborn dinosaur was found inside its egg after 70 million yearsEarth.com

Perfectly preserved dinosaur embryo found in Chinawww.bbc.com

Perfectly-preserved dinosaur embryo found inside fossilized egg in ChinaYouTube

Scientists discover preserved embryo inside 66 million-year-old fossilised dinosaur egg | ITV NewsYouTube

Perfectly preserved baby dinosaur discovered curled up inside its egg | CNNCNN

70-million-year-old dinosaur embryo found fossilised inside an egg that never hatched, it resembles THIS modern day animal | - Times of IndiaThe Times of India

••• Gobiazhdarcho tsogtbaatari & Tsogtopteryx mongoliensis •••

[ Azhdarchid Pterosaur Diversity in the Bayanshiree Formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia ]

blogger.googleusercontent.com

The coexistence between Gobiazhdarcho tsogtbaatari and Tsogtopteryx mongoliensis in the Bayanshiree paleoenvironment.

• We have had Two raptors and now two Azhdarchid Pterosaurs living side by side in the same ecosystem !

Source/s :

[Paleontology • 2025] <i>Gobiazhdarcho tsogtbaatari</i> & <i>Tsogtopteryx mongoliensis</i> • Azhdarchid Pterosaur Diversity in the Bayanshiree Formation, Upper Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolianovataxa.blogspot.com

• https://peerj.com/articles/19711/

Tavachelydra-stevensoni

What a magnificent Turtle

cdn.sci.news

'''' Tavachelydra stevensoni lived in what is now the United States during the earliest Paleocene epoch, between 66 and 65 million years ago -- in the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

The species belongs to Chelydridae, a family of freshwater turtles that includes at least seven extinct and two living genera.

Interestingly, turtle species with a durophageous ( they prefer to eat animals with a Shell ) diet have a higher survivorship across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction compared to turtles with a non-durophageous diet... '''

Newly-Discovered Freshwater Turtle Species Survived Dinosaur Extinction | Sci.NewsSci.News: Breaking Science News

[Paleontology • 2025] <i>Tavachelydra stevensoni</i> • A New Pan-chelydrid Turtle <small>(Chelydroidea: Pan-Chelydridae)</small> from the lower Paleocene <small><small>(early Danian, Puercan)</small> Corral Bluffs Study Area in</small> the Denver Basin,...novataxa.blogspot.com

Pappers :

A new pan-chelydrid turtle, Tavachelydra stevensoni gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Paleocene (early Danian, Puercan) Corral Bluffs Study Area in the Denver Basin, ColoradoPubMed Central (PMC)

Tavachelydra stevensoni: A new species of Snapping Turtle from the Palaeocene of Colorado.sciencythoughts.blogspot.com